Catalysts are vital pillars of modern chemistry and are used in over 80% of industrial processes to boost the rate of a desired specific reaction. Various earth-abundant and non-precious metals (alloys, chalcogenides, carbides, pnictides, borides, phosphates, borophosphates, phosphides, phosphites, phosphonates, and intermetallics) and metal-free-based electrocatalysts have extensively been employed in a range of industrially important reactions including electro-, photo-, and thermalcatalysis. Our research is focussed on the designing of low cost, extremely efficient and stable single atom catalysts (SACs) for various energy applications.